Fire
Protection Information Kiosk at WPI
Funds
for a Fire Protection Information Kiosk were generously
donated by the International Association for Fire
Safety Science to Worchester Polytechnic Institute
(WPI) in recognition for assistance provided in hosting
the 7th Symposium. Pictured below are Dr. Kathy Notarianni,
Head, Department of Fire Protection Engineering, and
Prof. John Woycheese of WPI accepting the donation
check from Dr. Robert Bill, treasurer of the IAFSS.
To show WPI’s appreciation of the gift from
IAFSS, an acknowledgement will be incorporated into
the display.
The
Fire Protection Information Kiosk will provide people
with a means to learn more about the Department of
Fire Protection Engineering at Worcester Polytechnic
Institute, and fire protection engineering in general,
through the exploration of topical video clips and
images.
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The
system, comprised of a touch screen-enabled plasma TV, computer,
and overhead speaker, will be installed outside the Department
of Fire Protection Engineering at Worcester Polytechnic
Institute. The location has been selected for both its proximity
to the department and the amount of foot traffic –
students, parents, and industry leaders alike – that
would see it every day. Alumni,
current and prospective students, and passersby will be
able to use the system for a myriad of purposes: to gather
information about the department, including available resources
and requirements for application and graduation; to learn
about the research interests and expertise of WPI faculty;
to discover potential employers; and to explore a number
of fire-related topics, especially those of interest to
the faculty. Textual information will be augmented with
video clips and images from the Fire and Building Educational
Resource Collection, a digital library for the fire and
building community that has been developed at WPI. Short
clips from FPE courses offered through the WPI Advanced
Distance Learning Network will be made available to help
students to determine which courses are of interest and
to showcase ADLN video delivery.
NEWS
FROM OTHER ORGANISATIONS
New
FORUM Chair
Professor
Farshad Alamdari, the Chief Scientist at BRE, has
been appointed as Chair of the International Forum
of Fire Research Directors (FORUM).
The
FORUM includes representatives of fire research organisations
from all over the world. It focuses on establishing
strategic partnerships to advance Fire Safety Engineering
(FSE) through scientifically-based fire knowledge,
validated computational tools and reliable supporting
data, and to enhance the professional status of FSE
with appropriate training and education. FORUM members’
research supports progress in all aspects of FSE,
with a view to influencing national and international
standard setting authorities, and improving society's
ability to reduce and manage the risks of fire and
the costs of fire safety.
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Society
of Fire Protection Engineers
The
Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE) has named Art
Cote as the Society’s president for 2006. Cote has
served SFPE at all levels including serving as the society’s
Secretary-Treasurer. He was elevated to the member grade
of SFPE Fellow in 1992. Cote serves on the Board of Directors
for the SFPE Educational and Scientific Foundation. Currently
he is the Executive Vice President and Chief Engineer for
the National Fire Protection Association.
Phillip
J. DiNenno has been awarded SFPE’s most prestigious
award, the Arthur B. Guise Medal. The Medal recognises eminent
achievement in the advancement of the science and technology
of fire protection engineering. DiNenno was honoured for
his contributions to the advancement of new fire suppression
system technologies and his 20 years as editor-in-chief
of the SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection EngineeringCraig
L. Beyler has been awarded the SFPE Harold E. Nelson Service
Award in recognition of his dedicated and inspired service
toward the ideals and goals of the Society. Beyler’s
contributions include advancing the understanding of how
oxygen levels in compartment fires affect the products of
combustion. He has been a section Editor for the SFPE Handbook
of Fire Protection Engineering since the first edition.
He was also Chair of the SFPE task group that developed
SFPE’s fire engineering guides.
FMGlobal
Commercial
and industrial property insurer FM Global has appointed
Louis A. Gritzo, Ph.D., former manager of fire science and
technology at the U.S. government’s Sandia National
Laboratories, as its new vice president and manager of research.
He will oversee FM Global’s team of world-renowned
scientists who conduct research to understand property hazards
and identify the property protection measures that can reduce
the probability and impact of potential loss at client facilities.
Dr. Gritzo succeeds Dr. Paul Croce, who had served in the
role since July 1996, and retired in January 2006 after
23 years of service with FM Global.
An established
expert in numerical and experimental heat transfer, fluid
mechanics and fire science and technology, Dr. Gritzo has
spent his career working in various research roles at Sandia.
Most recently, he was responsible for overseeing computational
and experimental fire science and technology-related programs
that supported the needs of numerous branches of the U.S.
government as well as private industry. Additionally, he
managed the construction and startup of Sandia’s recently
completed US$36 million thermal test complex, a large-scale
fire research laboratory.
Dr.
Gritzo received his bachelor’s, master’s and
doctorate degrees in mechanical engineering from Texas Tech
University, USA. He currently is a member of the International
FORUM of Fire Research Directors, and has served on various
technical committees of the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME) and the American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM).
Fire
Protection Research Foundation
The
Fire Protection Research Foundation lists the following
projects that are currently underway: International Roadway
Tunnel Fire Detection; Classification of Oxidizers; Smoke
Characterization; and Waking Effectiveness of Fire Alarms
for the Elderly.
The
foundation has also recently prepared the following reports:
Compendium of Sprinkler Test Reports and Record Storage
Compartmentation Study.
For
an update on ongoing Foundation activities visit the Foundation’s
website at www.nfpa.org/foundation.
Hydrogen
Safety Programme at Ulster
Since
the beginning of 2004 the group of FireSERT Institute at
the University of Ulster (UU), led by Prof Vladimir Molkov,
has been a partner in EC FP6 project European Network of
Excellence “Safety of Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier”
(HySafe, 2004-2009). The main areas of activity at HySafe
include LES of large-scale hydrogen releases, explosions
and fires. In the framework of the HySafe project UU is
leading the establishment of an e-Academy of Hydrogen Safety
with the mission to develop and deliver on-line training
and educational programmes worldwide. UU has recently obtained
two new grants from the European Commission to improve and
co-ordinate knowledge and understanding of hydrogen safety.
In the first project, HySAFEST, four researchers will be
employed from September 2006 with annual salaries about
35,000 euro for three years to undertake computational PhD
studies of problems involving the formation and combustion
of hydrogen clouds after unscheduled releases of hydrogen
in confined spaces and the open atmosphere, mechanisms of
hydrogen ignition, jet fires, conjugate heat transfer to
construction elements, mitigation technologies for hydrogen
deflagrations and deflagration-to-detonation transition,
and comparative risk analysis of hydrogen and hydrocarbon
fuels throughout a lifecycle of typical applications. The
second project HyCourse entails four European Summer Schools
on Hydrogen Safety, each lasting for ten days, where 12
keynote speakers will disseminate the latest knowledge on
hydrogen safety and related key areas to an audience of
60 EC-funded researchers. The detailed topical content of
each Summer School is tailored by representatives of the
EC funded hydrogen related projects, experts from similar
hydrogen safety programmes in the USA, Japan, China and
Russia, and representatives from educational, research,
and user bodies. Major topics include: hydrogen release,
mixing, and distribution; hydrogen ignition; hydrogen fires;
hydrogen explosions; thermal, pressure and missile effects
from fires and explosions; development and validation of
mitigation techniques; safety assessment and risk analysis;
and standards, guidelines and legal requirements, in a variety
of application areas: production; transport and distribution;
hydrogen storage; tunnels, parking and garages; utilisation,
portable and stationary applications, etc. The First European
Summer School on Hydrogen Safety will be held from 14 to
25 August 2006 in the Loughview Suite of the University
of Ulster. Subsequent Summer Schools will be held in 2007,
2008, and 2009. Possible event locations cover the entire
map of Europe. Researchers interested to attend the Summer
School, and experts in hydrogen safety and related key areas
who are interested in delivering keynote lectures at the
First European Summer School are invited to contact organizers
at the University of Ulster. In January 2006 the group will
announce a position of Hydrogen Programme Manager at the
University of Ulster. You are welcome to contact the group
at v.molkov@ulster.ac.uk.
CSIRO
Dr.
David Yung, Research Leader, Fire Science, will be retiring
from CSIRO (Australia) at the end of January 2006. Vince
Dowling, a chemist and a specialist in material flammability,
will succeed him as the new Research Leader. David has led
the fire research team at CSIRO for more than 3 years. In
February 2006, he and his wife will be returning to their
home in Toronto Canada. Before CSIRO, he was for many years
at the National Research Council of Canada. In Toronto,
David can be contacted by email: david.yung@alum.mit.edu
and by phone +1-416-222-7952.
Universidad
Católica de Chile
The
Fire Protection Engineering Area of DICTUC (Universidad
Católica de Chile) offered two international seminars
during 2005. The first, in June, was focused on Behavior
of Timber Construction under Fire, and the speakers were
Professor José Torero (University of Edinburgh),
Dr. Jim Mehaffey (Forintek, Canada) and other Chilean researchers.
In November,
the issue was Fire in Large Structures (shopping malls,
airports, hospitals, high rise buildings, etc.) and it was
co-organized with Tokyo University of Science. The speakers
were Professor Makoto Tsujimoto, Professor Yoshiro Yashiro,
Professor Takeyoshi Tanaka, Dr. Ken Matsuyama and Professor
Juan de Dios Rivera among others.
DICTUC
is working on a government project (FONDEF) to stimulate
the use of timber in one-family dwellings. One of the objectives
is to research and to improve the fire resistance and the
ignition and flame spread properties of timber for this
application.
Also,
DICTUC is building a LIFT apparatus (ASTM E1321 “Standard
Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame
Spread Properties”) which will be the first in South
America.
Tokyo
University of Science
Report
of the Fire Safety Engineering Seminar in South America:
We proposed to hold a joint seminar with the University
of Sao Paulo, Brazil and the University of Catolica, Santiago,
Chile, in order to activate research activities in Fire
Protection Engineering as well as globalization and evolvement
of research on fire, by linking individual researchers in
this field organically. With the cooperation of both universities
(the coordinators are Prof. Rosaria Ono of the University
of Sao Paulo and Prof. Juan de Dios Rivera of the University
of Catolica), it had been decided to hold the seminar by
dispatching the lecturers as a part of the Tokyo University
of Science (TUS) COE Program.
TUS
dispatched five lecturers, namely Prof. T. Tanaka of Kyoto
University, Dr. Y. Yasiro of the Institute of Shimizu Co.
(both of them are COE Visiting Professors at TUS), Prof.
M. Tsujimoto, Prof. Y. Ohmiya and Dr. K. Matsuyama of the
Faculty of TUS. These lecturers explained the current situation
and issues of the fire safety engineering in Japan at both
universities and then had discussions.
In the
seminars at the University of Sao Paulo (Nov. 9, 2005) and
the University of Catolica (Nov. 15, 2005), audiences of
140 persons and 80 persons respectively, which were much
more than our expectation, participated in and asked questions
and engaged in enthusiastic discussions.
Makoto
Tsujimoto and Ken Matsuyama,Center for Fire Science and
Technology,
Tokyo
University of Science (Japan)
University
of Canterbury
Staff
news
Many members of the IAFSS would no doubt have heard about
the serious accident Andy Buchanan had while on his sabbatical
in the UK. Andy was hit by a bus while out running and was
admitted to hospital in an induced coma. We are happy to
report that Andy has made a good recovery from the accident.
A number of people took the opportunity to visit Andy while
in he was hospital and were glad to find that he was quickly
regaining his mental and physical abilities although he
would soon get tired. At the time of writing Andy plans
to arrive back in New Zealand at the end of December. I'm
sure Andy would like to thank all of you who have sent him
best wishes either directly or through us here at the University
and we wish him well as he continues to rest and recover.
Mike
Spearpoint completed his PhD at the end of 2005. His research
examined the applicability of the Industry Foundation Classes
(IFCs) building data model to fire engineering. The work
used database methods to create a repository of fire growth
information and a suite of software applications were developed
to interpret IFC documents in a form that can be imported
into fire simulation tools. Mike was also promoted to a
Senior Lecturer position beginning in 2006.
Scholarships
The Masters in Fire Engineering programme has been working
on extending its range of scholarships available to students.
Firstly, the Arup Fire scholarship has been setup which
awards $AU 2,500 to a full-time student to support their
research work. Arup Fire is one of the leading international
fire engineering consultancies and many of our graduates
are or have been employed by Arup Fire throughout Australia,
Asia and the UK. The inaugural recipient of the Arup Fire
scholarship is Anthony Ng who is investigating risk assessment
methods for fire safety design of transformer rooms in buildings.
The second scholarship is to be offered by the Society of
Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE) New Zealand chapter. The
scholarship will be open to all full-time thesis research
students who are enrolled in the Masters programme. This
scholarship will be worth $NZ 2,000 to the student plus
an additional award of up to $NZ 500 will be available to
fund the costs of carrying out the research work. The details
of the scholarship are being finalised and the first recipient
will be announced early in 2006. The New Zealand Fire Service
Commission continues to provide scholarships to several
students each year and three awards were made at the end
of 2005.
Visitors
Prof David Purser and Dr Jenny Purser visited us through
the University’s Erskine Fellowship scheme. Dave taught
the Human Behaviour in Fire paper to a class of 27 students.
Dave also gave a highly successful one-day workshop to fire
engineering professionals organised in associated with the
Society of Fire Protection Engineers New Zealand chapter.
Courses were held in Christchurch, Auckland and Wellington
with over 200 participants attending the three sessions.
Dave and Jenny also had discussions with several research
students regarding their work on human behaviour and fire
product toxicology. The Erskine Fellowship is an excellent
way in which we can attract international experts to the
University for teaching courses and if members wish to find
out more they can contact Mike Spearpoint at michael.spearpoint@canterbury.ac.nz
or look at the Erskine programme website at http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/erskine/
Michael
Spearpoint, Fire Service Commission Lecturer, Department
of Civil Engineering,
University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Lund
University - PhD theses
Four
doctoral candidates have recently defended their PhD at
Lund University.
Per
Blomqvist, a staff member at the SP Swedish National
Testing and Research Institute has defended his thesis is
entitled “Emissions from Fires – Consequences
for Human safety and the Environment”. The work presented
in the thesis is largely based on the results of a unique
series of large-scale fire experiments where the composition
of the fire effluents was characterised in detail. The analyses
included many types of species: e.g., narcotic fire gases
such as CO and HCN; irritants such as HF, HCl and isocyanates;
carcinogenic compounds such as benzene, PAHs and dioxins.
The particulate phase of the fire effluents was also characterised
in a number of tests. The qualities and quantities of the
emissions from fires are assessed in the thesis. Furthermore,
models are applied for estimating the production and the
consequences of the emission of some specific compounds.
Examples of some topics in the thesis are:
- A chemical kinetic model was included in computational
fluid dynamic (CFD) calculations for the prediction of HCN
production in fires. The prediction of the model was satisfactory
compared to the results of large-scale enclosure tests.
- An application of an FED model for asphyxiant gases showed
that these gases presented the greatest danger in a series
of experimental tunnel fires, and that HCN, in particular,
had a major impact in these fires.
- An estimate of the total amounts of dioxin, PAH and VOC
from fires in Sweden during a specific year was made. It
was concluded that the emissions of PAH, VOC and dioxins
from fires are large. The fire related emissions of PAH
and dioxins were shown to be significant and comparable
to those from many other sources. For dioxins it was shown
that large catastrophic fires can lead to major emissions.
Johan
Lundin has defended his thesis entitled “Safety
in Case of Fire - The Effect of Changing Regulations”.
In this thesis some fundamental problems concerning society's
ability to control the safety in buildings in the case of
fire by issuing performance-based building regulations are
identified and analysed. Fire protection documentation from
forty-six projects was studied, together with a detailed
analysis of the Swedish building regulations and an extensive
risk analysis of a class of buildings. The results show
that there is a lack of regulation and guidance on how to
perform verification, which leads to arbitrary design decisions.
It can be questioned whether the approach taken by many
practitioners today is sufficient to fulfil the requirements
laid out in the building regulations, that is society's
demand for fire safety. Few tools are available to address
these issues in a practical way. This thesis presents a
procedure for verification and suggests general quality
demands for verification as a means of addressing these
issues.
Anders
Lönnermark has defended his thesis entitled
“On the Characteristics of Fires in Tunnels”.
Important phenomena related to tunnel fires are presented
including both experimental and theoretical work. The main
focus is on the large-scale fire tests performed in 2003
in the Runehamar tunnel in Norway. During these tests heat
release rate (HRR), temperatures, gas concentrations (O2,
CO2, CO, HCN, and H2O), velocities, radiation, and smoke
were measured. Four tests with a set-up simulating HGV cargos
were performed with fuel loads constituting of different
mixtures of cellulose and plastic. The fuel load ranged
from 2850 kg to 11010 kg giving maximum HRRs between 66
MW and 202 MW. Examples of some topics in the thesis are:
- HRR and gas temperature were found to be far higher than
that suggested by most tunnel design guidelines and fire
can spread a long distance downstream in a tunnel. The actions
of the people inside the tunnel and the rescue personnel
during the first five to ten minutes of the fire can be
crucial to the outcome.
- Large pulsations of the gas flow inside the tunnel were
observed in two tests during which the HRR was higher than
125 MW - 135 MW. The pulsations are presented and explanations
are given, using two different approaches: an acoustic approach
and a frequency response analysis based on an impedance
approach.
- Other issues discussed include backlayering and the effect
of the ventilation on the HRR, flame length, and the conditions
in the tunnel. An analysis of toxicity and the effect of
the ventilation conditions on the gas composition in the
tunnel are also included.
Ulf
Göransson has defended his thesis entitled
“Determination of Material Properties for Fire Modelling”.
Examples of some topics in the thesis are:
- To do a correct analysis of flame spread, material properties
are needed. Traditionally material data have been obtained
by testing products in a flame spread situation deemed to
be similar to the scenario that is desired to be predicted.
This thesis shows that there are a number of ways to improve
material property collection, both with regards to the actual
test set-up and measurements, and with regards to the interpretation
of test results.
- Thermal degradation is an important parameter that it
is essential to know for a correct modelling of the mass
loss rate and thus the heat release rate. Thermal degradation
rates can be determined as functions of temperature.
- Knowledge of the surface temperature is a vital parameter
in order to model combustion as a combination of solid phase
and gas phase reactions. New technology is employed to find
better solutions for surface temperature measurements up
to and after ignition.
- Two large scale applications are described where detailed
measurements methods have been used in order to determine
basic properties. These properties have then been used for
full scale calculations with CFD and comparisons with test
result data.
Fundamental
Restructuring of NRIFD
NRIFD
(National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster) will
end its 57 year history and, effective April 1st, 2006,
will be reincarnated as the Center for Research of Fire
and Disaster, a division within the Fire and Disaster Management
Agency (FDMA) of the central government. As the former President,
Prof. Toshisuke Hirano reported in an article in IAFSS Newsletter
No. 13, dated January, 2002, NRIFD moved from one branch
of FDMA to be an independent administrative agency on April
1st, 2001 under the basic policy of the government that
most National Research Organizations should be separated
from the governmental body to be independent agencies.
This
trend toward privatization has been still active and even
strengthened recently to include most of the other National
Research Organizations in Japan. However, what actually
happened at NRIFD during the last year was quite different
from this major trend for other organizations. Since the
needs of prompt emergency response to disasters including
fire investigation and technical assistance to operations
have been growing together with the increasing potential
threat of extreme events such as large earthquakes and terror
attacks, FDMA has reconsidered the role and assignment of
NRIFD to be more practical and governmental that would be
further fit to their mission.
On the
occasion of this organizational change, NRIFD will be streamlined
roughly speaking to 30 staff from 50 staff, which may be
one of our organizational challenges. Another challenge
for the new NRIFD will be a shift to include more response-oriented
research such as large-scale fires, large-scale natural
disasters (earthquakes, floods, typhoons), and/or terrorist
attacks as well as conventional prevention-oriented research
such as fire and explosion, firefighting techniques to incidents
of newly developed materials, and the safety of large-scale
hazardous installations.
To conclude,
we would like to express our sincere thanks to the IAFSS
Committee who sent a support message to us as well as to
all other international fire research communities such as
FORUM, JAFSE, etc. who have taken note of our situation.
This support helped us very much indeed on the occasions
when the review of NRIFD was conducted.
Dr. Ai Sekizawa, Senior Research Fellow, NRIFD
New
Book by Jean-Marc Franssen and Raul Zaharia
A new
book entitled "Design of Steel Structures Subjected
to Fire - Background and Design Guide to Eurocode 3",
by Jean-Marc Franssen and Raul Zaharia has recently been
published. Information about the book can be found at http://www.structuresinfire.com.
The book deals mainly with EN 1993-1-2 but also mentions
Eurocode 1 (EN 1991-1-2) because one chapter in the book
is dedicated to mechanical loading and one to thermal actions.
The book is not a substitute for the Eurocodes. It gives
some explanations about the meaning of the rules and shows
by worked out examples how they have to be applied practically.
It is expected that the reader will be in a better position
to apply the fire Eurocode correctly and to interpret the
rules in situations that are not exactly the ones foreseen
in the code. If you are interested and want to buy this
book, click in the web site on the button called "Buy
the book" (top of the window), or enter directly in
http://www.structuresinfire.com/Order%20form.htm , and follow
the instructions.
Symposium
Report: 10th International Fire Protection Symposium of
vfdb
On 6
– 8 June 2005 the 10th International Fire Protection
Symposium took place in Hannover (Germany) at the EXPO 2000
site with “Methods of fire safety engineering”
as main topic. During the symposium the new guidelines of
the German Fire Protection Association (vfdb) on the same
topic were presented and important background information
was given in additional papers by international fire safety
experts and scientists. 300 participants discussed about
the use and acceptance of fire safety engineering methods
in different countries.
R. Grabski
(D) chaired the first session about fire safety concepts
and fire scenarios. Prefacing D. Hosser (D) presented the
vfdb-Guidelines “Methods of fire safety engineering”
and T. Rantatalo (S) gave a review about the Scandinavian
way of fire safety engineering. Afterwards contributions
to the overall concept of fire safety engineering were presented
in which the basic requirements, input data and assumptions
were treated as well as fire models with which fires and
fire effects can be described and standard characteristics
can be determined. Thereto J. Wiese (D) reported on fire
scenarios and design fires. D. Drysdale (GB) followed with
a contribution about fire dynamics and data for fire safety
engineering. In the next session fire models were introduced
by P. Vandevelde (B). Afterwards details were presented
and discussed by S. Hostikka (FIN) on CFD fire models, by
W. Siegfried (D) on numerical fire models and their range
of application and by H. J. Gerhardt (D) on physical (skaled)
models for fire safety design.
On the
second day J.M. Franssen (B) chaired the third session about
design of structural fire protection and fire protection
systems. J. Kruppa (F) presented the state of the art of
calculation methods for structural fire design, E. Richter
(D) explained structural fire design of concrete structures
and P. Schaumann (D) gave a lecture on structural fire design
of steel and composite structures. S. Cooper (GB) dealt
with the role of fire protection systems in fire safety
engineering for modern building concepts and M. Fontana
(CH) gave a review about Experience with fire protection
systems in fire safety concepts. The last session dealt
with occupant safety and risk and was chaired by U. Schneider
(A). D. Purser (GB) explained toxicity assessment of combustion
products and human behaviour in fires, V. Schneider (D)
presented models of escape and rescue and M. Dehne (D) discussed
compensation of structural fire protection by fire protection
systems in an overall probabilistic concept. Finally T.
Rantatalo (S) and R. Dobbernack (D) reported on the state
of the art of fire risk analysis.
The
participants seemed to be satisfied by the level of information
given by the speakers as well as by the discussions with
colleagues from other countries. In addition they enjoyed
the attractions of the fair INTERSCHUTZ at the Messe Hannover
area and last but not least the events of the social program.
Workshop
Report: 1st International PhD-Workshop on Fire Protection
Science and Engineering
Subsequent
to the 10th International Fire Protection Symposium on 8
June the Braunschweig University of Technology and the German
Fire Protection Association (vfdb) organized the 1st International
PhD-Workshop on Fire Protection Science and Engineering
(PhDfire1), also in Hannover at the EXPO 2000 site. The
scientific committee consisted by Dougal Drysdale (GB),
Mario Fontana (CH), Jean Marc Franssen (B), Reinhard Grabski,
(D), Dietmar Hosser (D, chairman), Dave Purser (GB), Peter
Schaumann (D), Ulrich Schneider (A) and Paul Vandevelde
(B). Twelve PhD-candidates from eight countries presented
their papers on a wide range of fire-related topics while
additional projects were shown on posters during the breaks.
Because of the success of PhDfire1 as a forum for discussion
and interchange for young scientist, the scientific committee
plans to host a successive PhD-workshop in 2007. For further
information see www.PhDfire1.de.
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